Description:
The power steering pump is typically a vane style pump driven
by a belt off the engine. A fluid reservoir
may be mounted to the pump itself or the reservoir may
be mounted remotely. The pump may use specialized power
steering fluid or automatic transmission fluid.
Purpose: The pump generates high
pressures used to reduce steering effort, easing driver fatigue.
Some cars use variable-assist power steering systems (check the owner’s manual to
see if your car has this feature), which provide more assist at
low speeds and reduces assist at higher speeds. This provides the most
assist when needed, reduces over-steer in emergency situations and provides better
on-highway feel.
Maintenance Tips/Suggestions: When turning the steering wheel, never
hold the steering wheel in the extreme right or left position for
more than a few seconds—this could damage the pump. Check the power
steering fluid level at every oil change. This is also a good time
to ensure that the power steering drive belt is tight. Refer to your
car’s owner’s manual for specific recommendations on the type of
power steering fluid to use. Fluids need to be compatible with hoses
and seals and in some cases the recommended fluid may be automatic
transmission fluids such as Type F or Dexron®. It’s possible to
check the power steering fluid level when your car is cold, but it’s
usually recommended to check the fluid with the car warmed up. Many
cars today use a semi-transparent reservoir for power steering
fluid, so look for a fluid level mark on the outside. If the
reservoir has no markings, open the reservoir's cap. There should be
a small dipstick attached that provides the level reading. Use care
not to run the system low on fluid; insufficient fluid level can
damage the power steering pump.
Some common
warning signs of
power steering
problems may be high steering effort, erratic
power steering assist, a loud whining sound from the pump, frequent
“topping off” of the fluid reservoir, and a squealing pump drive
belt. If your car is equipped with variable-assist power steering and
the amount of effort required to steer
changes while driving at a constant speed, have the system
analyzed by a professional service technician.
